Lanthanide Emission

Spectroscopic characterization of lanthanide oxides and their cations

Our group studies the electronic structure of lanthanide oxides and their corresponding cations for communication applications. In our atmosphere, specifically the ionosphere, the  natural electron density fluctuates, due to fluctuation in solar radiation. As electrons interact with radio waves, this natural electron fluctuation prohibits uniform radio wave propagation, affecting radio wave communications. Currently, the United States Air Force (USAF) would like to artificially increase the electron density, such that the total density would be much greater than the natural fluctuations, allowing uniform radio wave propagation.

One method of artificial electron density increase is to chemi-ionize lanthanide metals. In this process, lanthanide metals M react with atomic oxygen to create their corresponding cationic metal oxides MO⁺ and excess electrons.

M + O → MO⁺ + e^– + ΔE

The energy release in the chemi-ionization process is equal to the difference of the dissociation energy and ionization energy of MO. It is desirable for ΔE > 0 since ionization of MO without dissociation is desired. Neodymium (Nd) is a great candidate as ΔE_Nd = 1.76 eV. Even though its chemi-ionization is thermodynamically neutral, samarium (Sm) is also considered as a candidate due to its high vapor pressure. Recently, the USAF has conducted experiments where they have launched small amounts of either Nd or Sm into the atmosphere to under go chemi-ionization. During the launches, “space clouds” with two distinct color profiles have been observed as well as a fraction of the predicted electron density. Currently the two different colors in the space cloud are being attributed to molecular and atomic production but it is unclear to whether the molecular cation is being formed. Spectroscopic characterization of both MO and MO⁺ can assist in determining if the molecular cation is being formed in the space clouds.

In our lab, we spectroscopically characterize SmO and NdO as well as their cations SmO⁺ and NdO⁺ through various experimental techniques. The ionization energies of SmO and NdO were determined through resonant-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and pulsed ionization efficiency (PIE) spectroscopic methods. Currently, low- and high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) as well as 1D and 2D dispersed laser induced fluorescence (DLIF) methods are being employed to spectroscopically characterize SmO and NdO. We are employing a one photon-ionization process in efforts to create SmO⁺ and once production is confirmed, LIF and DLIF will be used to characterize SmO⁺ . Future work includes characterization of SmO⁺ as well as NdO⁺.

Current Researchers

Graduate Student

Arianna Rodriguez (she/her)

Arianna Rodriguez is a second year graduate student, coming from New College of Florida. While at New College of Florida she pursued research in microwave spectroscopy and web accessibility. In her free time she enjoys drawing, roller skating, and crocheting.

Staff Scientist

Anh T. Lee (she/her)

Anh comes to us from working with Tim Steimle at Arizona State University. She also currently teaches General Chemistry at Georgia Tech.

Graduate Student

Giao Vu (she/her)

Giao Vu is a first year graduate student, coming from Temple University, Philadelphia. While in her undergraduate research, she worked with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and gas capture in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) condition. She is currently working on the actinide bonding project. Outside of the labs, she enjoys cooking, working as a volunteer, and playing video games.

Graduate Student

Caitlyn Dollar (she/her)

Caitlyn is a second year graduate student